A waypoint is a specific geographical location that helps define a navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft using area navigation. There are two types of waypoints: the fly-by waypoint and the flyover waypoint. A fly-by waypoint requires pilots to anticipate a turn, allowing them to smoothly intercept the next segment of their route. In contrast, a flyover waypoint is where pilots initiate a turn to join the next segment of their route.
On aeronautical maps and charts, fly-by and flyover waypoints are represented differently. Flyover waypoints are typically surrounded by a circle, which helps distinguish them from fly-by waypoints. The image below illustrates typical aircraft behavior when approaching these waypoints. Understanding these categories is essential for pilots and navigators alike, as it enhances safety and efficiency during flight.