In specific regions, like the North Atlantic and northern Canada, aircraft must be equipped with advanced navigational tools. These tools enhance tracking accuracy, which is crucial for safe flights. To ensure reliability, regulations often require two independent long-range navigation systems. This redundancy helps in case one system fails. The minimum navigation performance specifications (MNPS) and their application procedures are detailed in the Regional Supplementary Procedures (ICAO Doc 7030) and national Aeronautical Information Publications (AIPs).
